ABSTRACT
Head and neck osteosarcoma is a rare tumor. Its clinical features and recurrence pattern are different from those of osteosarcoma in other parts. Osteosarcoma of the head and neck occurs late with a high local recurrence rate and a low distant metastasis rate. Local recurrence is the main cause of death. Surgery is the main treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for patients with positive surgical margin, proximal incisional margin and uncertain surgical margin. The role of chemotherapy remains controversial. Effective molecular targeted therapeutics need to be further explored for recurrent, metastatic and unresectable osteosarcoma, .
ABSTRACT
Head and neck osteosarcoma is a rare tumor.Its clinical features and recurrence pattern are different from those of osteosarcoma in other parts.Osteosarcoma of the head and neck occurs late with a high local recurrence rate and a low distant metastasis rate.Local recurrence is the main cause of death.Surgery is the main treatment.Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for patients with positive surgical margin,proximal incisional margin and uncertain surgical margin.The role of chemotherapy remains controversial.Effective molecular targeted therapeutics need to be further explored for recurrent,metastatic and unresectable osteosarcoma,.
ABSTRACT
Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) is most popular in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . In recent years, there have been a great number of molecular biology studies of EGFR. Radiotherapy is well-known as a traditional and important treatment for NSCLC, and the treatment outcome is associated with EGFR mutation and overexpression. Phase Ⅲ trials are needed to evaluate the effect of a combination of radiotherapy and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of NSCLC. MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) can modulate tumor-associated gene expression and influence the biological process of tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play a positive or negative role in EGFR mutation, EGFR-TKI treatment, and radiotherapy, which mechanism has been partially clarified. In this article, we review the research advances in the association of miRNAs with EGFR mutation, EGFR-TKI, and radiotherapy, so as to provide the latest evidence for the application of miRNAs in the combination of radiotherapy and EGFR-TKI for the treatment of NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) is most popular in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . In recent years, there have been a great number of molecular biology studies of EGFR. Radiotherapy is well-known as a traditional and important treatment for NSCLC, and the treatment outcome is associated with EGFR mutation and overexpression. Phase Ⅲ trials are needed to evaluate the effect of a combination of radiotherapy and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of NSCLC. MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) can modulate tumor-associated gene expression and influence the biological process of tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play a positive or negative role in EGFR mutation, EGFR-TKI treatment, and radiotherapy, which mechanism has been partially clarified. In this article, we review the research advances in the association of miRNAs with EGFR mutation, EGFR-TKI, and radiotherapy, so as to provide the latest evidence for the application of miRNAs in the combination of radiotherapy and EGFR-TKI for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Modern immunology has established that tumor immune escape is associated with hidden or missing tumor-specific antigens and tumor-associated antigens,as well as immune suppressors that are released from tumor cells to inhibit the immune cytotoxicity and antigen-presenting cells (APCs).The changes in tumor microenvironment have an impact on tumor immunity and treatment outcomes.The immune effects finally depend on activation and inhibition of T cell receptors and other co-regulated receptors (CD28,CD80/CD86,and CTLA-4) in spite of the existence of APCs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment.Recent studies have revealed that radiotherapy induced not only DNA damage but also immunogenesis in tumor cells.Both conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy can induce immunogenesis in tumor cells.Immunogenic regulation makes many tumor antigens expressed in cells exposed to irradiation,which induces immune recognition and cytotoxicity;cell content (DNA,HMGB1,etc.) released from dead immunogenic cells can trigger immune effects and in situ tumor vaccination,which further induce an abscopal effect of radiotherapy.A lot of anti-tumor immunotherapy fails to achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes.Therefore,how to combine radiotherapy,especially stereotactic body radiotherapy,with anti-tumor immunotherapy has recently become a new challenge for researchers.
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Objective To compare the difference between traditional model teaching method and the system of internal circulation system with high simulation of the teaching method of the teaching method of the arm of the arm of the intravenous infusion in children.Methods The research objects were taken as the research object,and the model of the arm of the 2013 students in Kunming college was taken as the research object,and the traditional model was the control group.The difference between the two groups were compared between the 100 groups.Results Compared with the control group,the study group's practice skill score (87.8 ± 6.9) points was higher than that in the control group (78.5 ± 7.4) (P ＜0.05);the teaching cost (2.64 ± 0.4 yuan) was higher than that in the control group (12.89 ± 0.6 yuan) (P ＜0.05);the success rate of puncture in the study group 82.8％ was higher than that in the control group (62.3％) (P ＜0.05) Conclusion The internal circulation system of high simulation of pediatric intravenous infusion arm model teaching method in basic nursing practice teaching can improve the teaching effect,the students teaching goal,and mobilize the enthusiasm of students learning.
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Objective To design simulated pulmonary air embolism demonstration model,so as to solve the problem of pathological anatomy of pulmonary air embolism in experiment teaching. Methods According to the principle of the disturbance of local blood circulation and air embolism, we designed a pulmonary air embolism model. We took 223 school nursing students as the object of this study,and randomly divided them into 2 groups:animal experiment teaching group and model control group,then we compared the teaching effect between the two groups. Result The test scores of students in the animal experiment teaching group were higher than control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion The use of simulated pulmonary air embolism demonstration model teaching can improve the students’experimental test scores,and can be repeatedly used,stimulate students' study interest,reduce the cost of teaching,and improve the teaching quality.
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Objective To observe the influence of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γligand (PPAR-γ, pioglatazone) on expression of PAI-1 and TGF-β mRNA and proliferation in fibroblast cells before and after X-ray radiation, and to study the effect of PPAR-γon normal cells during radiation induced fibrosis process. Methods RT-PCR method was used to measure PPAR-γgene expression in L929 cells.After X-ray irradiation of 10 Gy,4 Gy or 2 Gy, the expressions of PAI-1 and TGF-β mRNA in mouse lung fibroblast cells (L929) were measured using RT-PCR. After X-ray irradiation and pioglatazone treatment,the influence of pioglatazone on PAI-1 and TGF-β was measured using RT-PCR method. MTT method was used to test cell proliferation after the treatment of irradiation and pioglatazone. Results PPAR-γ mRNA expression was observed in L929 cells. Expression of PAI-1 and TGF-β mRNA reached the highest level 483.40,P =0. 090) ). At 48 h after the treatment of pioglatazone and 10 Gy radiation, pioglatazone decreased 0. 36, 0. 34 and 0. 32( F = 3.90, P = 0. 040) ). The inhibitory effect was significantly increased when L9292. 50,P =0. 005)). Conclusions X-ray irradiation can increase the expression of PAI-1 and TGF-β in L929 cells. Pioglatazone can decrease the expression of radiation-induced PAI-1 and TGF-β, and restrain the fibroblast proliferation.
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Chemotherapy plays a significant role in cancer therapy,but chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting(CINV)common happened and affects patients satisfaction with treatment.With the development ot physiology on emesis,the new antiemetics such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonist(5-HT3RA),Aprepitant and Olanzapine greatly improved the control of CINV,the guidelines for antiemeties were deftned.Research progress of antiemetics was summarized.
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@#ObjectiveTo identify the effect of Xianlinggubao Tablet on the osteoporosis bone pain and bone density in a population of 50 cases at age of 50 and above. MethodsIn a prospective study, the changes of the clinic bone pain and bone density were observed before and after 4—8 weeks treatment. Results & ConclusionsThe bone pain in 36 of 50 was relieved, but no significant difference was observed in bone density. Therefore, Xianligubao Tablet can relieve the osteoporosis bone pain, which may change the space structure of bone trabecula.
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Objective observe the post-radiation expression of rat mesangial cell plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and the effect of PPAR-? ligand on radiation induced PAI-1 expression. Methods After 10?Gy ?-ray radiation of cultured rat kidney mesangial cell, RT-PCR was used to observe PPAR-?expression. PAI-1 expression after 10?Gy radiation ?10?mmol/L pioglitazone (one of PPAR-? ligands) was measured by Northern blot and Western blot. Gel-shift method was used to study the effect of AP-1 of PPAR-? ligand on radiation induced PAI-1 expression. Methods Rat kidney mesangial cell expressed PPAR--? mRNA. PAI-1 over-expressed at 24 hour after 10?Gy radiation in a radiation dose dependent manner, but not at other time. When the cell was treated with 10?Gy + 10?mmol/L pioglitazone, PAI-1 upregulation was blunted at message and protein level. AP-1 activation was increased from the 2nd hour after 10?Gy radiation and reached the highest level at the 4th hour. When pioglitazone was added, the radiation induced increase in AP-1 activation was suppressed at the 4th hour. Conclusions Pioglitazone, mediated by AP-1 gene, can suppress radiation induced PAI-1 upregulation.
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Objective To study the effect of arsenic trioxide(As 2O 3) combin ed w ith radiation on the killing of ovarian cancer cells. Methods Using MTT and FCM to detect the cytotoxic and apoptosis at different As 2O 3 concentrations combined with 2 an d 8 ?Gy radiation on ovarian cancer cells(SKOV-3). Radiation survival curves were det ermined by cloning assay with 5?mol/L As 2O 3 combined with 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12?Gy radiation. Curve was used to evaluate the effect of cell killing. Results ⑴ Inhibition of cell proliferation seemed more dependent on the increase of As 2O 3 concentration, ⑵Cell survival rate was lower in the combination of As 2O 3 an d r adiation than As 2O 3 alone, ⑶The apoptosis ratio was increased in 2?Gy and As 2O 3 with increase in As 2O 3 concentration, ⑷D q , D 2 value was decr eased in t he combined As 2O 3 and radiation than radiation only (D q: 1.44 vs 2.78, D 0: 0.85 vs 1.30, SF 2: 0.42 vs 0.87), with radiation enhancement ratio of 1.53 and 2.0 7 according to D 0 value and SF 2. Conclusions Arsenic trioxide is able to enhanc e radiation effect obviously ,especially at lower radiation dose.
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The effects of synthetic oil used as dietary fat source on the body weight, organ weight, liver and serum lipids of rats during the hypercho-lesterolemic inducing period were investigated, and comparison was made with lard and soybean oil diets.Weanling albino rats were fed first with stock diet for 3 weeks. Bloods were collected from tails, and serum cholesterol contents were determined. Based upon the body weight and serum cholesterol level, animals were then divided into 5 groups. Four groups were fed respectively with synthetic oil, synthetic oil plus linoleic acid, lard and soybean oil diets, all were supplemented with 1% cholesterol. The, fifth group served as control, was fed with soybean oil diet without cholesterol. Body weights and serum lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) were measured at intervals during the experiment. Organ weights and liver lipids (total fat, cholesterol and triglyceride) were determined at the end of the experiment.The results showed that there was marked sex difference between male and female rats, that is, synthetic oil diet caused significant lower body weights and lower serum cholesterol levels to female but not to male rats.Cholesterol inducing diets apparently increased the liver weights of all animals, yet fat accumulation only occured in those livers of rats fed with lard and soybean oil diets. The liver fat contents of animals of both synthetic oil and synthetic oil plus linoleic acid groups were at normal level.This experiment reveals that when dietary cholesterol intake is high, the use of synthetic oil as a dietary fat source for maintaining a normal lipid metabolic condition in the body seems beneficial.